1. Definition of BIPV and BAPV
BIPV stands for photovoltaic building integration. It is a solar photovoltaic power generation system that is designed, constructed and installed at the same time as the building and forms a perfect combination with the building. It is also called "construction type" and "building material type" solar photovoltaic building. As a part of the external structure of the building, it not only has the function of generating electricity, but also the function of building components and building materials. It can even enhance the beauty of the building and form a perfect unity with the building.
BAPV refers to a solar photovoltaic power generation system attached to a building, also known as an "installed" solar photovoltaic building. Its main function is to generate electricity, which does not conflict with the function of the building, and does not damage or weaken the function of the original building.
Simply put, BIPV can be used as a substitute for roofs, skylights, and building facades. The industry in my country usually refers to BIPV as "Photovoltaic Building" or "Integrated Photovoltaic Building". BAPV is only a photovoltaic material attached to the building and does not assume the function of the building.
2. The difference between BIPV and BAPV
The difference between the two is: BIPV has played a role as a building material as an indispensable part of the building. It can not only meet the functional requirements of photovoltaic power generation but also take into account the functional requirements of the building. It is a combination of photovoltaic products and building materials. It can replace part of the traditional building materials, carry out an integrated design in the architectural design stage, and be integrated with the main body of the building during construction. The components in the BAPV building are only attached to the building through a simple support structure. After the photovoltaic modules are removed, the function of the building is still intact.
BIPV designs solar power generation equipment—solar panels into various forms of building decoration materials, replacing traditional building materials such as glass curtain walls, exterior wall decorative stones, roof tiles, and at the same time as a solar photovoltaic power generation system, providing green and environmental protection for electrical loads , Clean electricity. BIPV has become an integral part of the building. The photovoltaic modules have the functions of sheltering from wind, rain and heat. After the photovoltaic modules are removed, the building will lose these functions. However, BAPV will not increase the water-proof and wind-shielding performance of the building. Moreover, BAPV will increase the building load and affect the overall effect of the building. In addition, for the surface of the building, BAPV also has the problem of repeated construction, which is a serious waste of building materials.
The BIPV structure should follow the relevant specifications and technical requirements of "building materials". It is not simply "tied together" mechanically, but is highly centralized and integrated, which is "1+1=1". The BAPV is split and can be used separately, and the photovoltaic modules can still be used independently after disassembly.
The combination of photovoltaics and buildings can effectively reduce building energy consumption and vigorously develop low-carbon and zero-carbon buildings, which has important practical significance for energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection.