Factors to be considered in the design of photovoltaic power generation system:
1. The photovoltaic power generation system needs to consider the environmental conditions of the installation and the local solar radiation;
2. Consider the total power of the load that the system needs to bear;
3. The output voltage of the system should be designed and whether to use DC or AC;
4. The number of hours the system needs to work every day;
5. In case of rainy weather without sunlight, the number of days the system needs to work continuously;
6. For system design, it is also necessary to know the condition of the load, whether the electrical appliance is purely resistive, capacitive or inductive, and the maximum current flow of the instant start.
Composition of household photovoltaic power generation system The solar photovoltaic power generation system consists of solar cells, solar controllers, batteries (groups) and sun tracking control systems. If the output power is AC 220V or 110V, an inverter is also required.
Solar panels are the core part of the solar power generation system, and also the most valuable part of the solar power generation system. Its function is to convert the sun's radiation ability into electrical energy, or store it in the battery, or promote work load. The quality and cost of solar panels will directly determine the quality and cost of the entire system.
Material Features:
Battery sheet: It is packaged with high-efficiency (above 16.5%) monocrystalline silicon solar sheet to ensure sufficient power generation of solar panels.
Glass: Low-iron toughened suede glass (also known as white glass) with a thickness of 3.2mm and a light transmittance of over 91% within the wavelength range of the solar cell's spectral response (320-1100nm). Infrared light greater than 1200 nm has a higher reflectivity. At the same time, the glass can withstand the radiation of the sun's ultraviolet rays, and the light transmittance does not decrease.
EVA: The high-quality EVA film layer with a thickness of 0.78mm added with anti-ultraviolet agent, antioxidant and curing agent is used as the sealant of solar cells and the connection agent with glass and TPT. It has high light transmittance and anti-aging ability.
TPT: The back cover of the solar cell—the fluoroplastic film is white and reflects sunlight, so the efficiency of the module is slightly improved, and because of its high infrared emissivity, it can also reduce the operating temperature of the module and also reduce the temperature of the module. It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of the components. Of course, the fluoroplastic film firstly has basic requirements such as aging resistance, corrosion resistance, and airtightness required by solar cell packaging materials.
Frame: The aluminum alloy frame used has high strength and strong mechanical impact resistance.
Solar Controller
The function of the solar controller is to control the working state of the whole system, and to protect the battery from over-charging and over-discharging. In places with large temperature differences, qualified controllers should also have the function of temperature compensation. Other additional functions such as light control switch and time control switch should be optional options of the controller.
Photovoltaic power generation system is a power generation system that converts solar energy into electrical energy, using the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic power generation systems are divided into independent solar photovoltaic power generation systems and grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation systems.
Refers to the power generation system that uses the photovoltaic effect of photovoltaic cells to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy, including photovoltaic modules and supporting components (BOS).
Independent solar photovoltaic power generation refers to the power generation method in which solar photovoltaic power generation is not connected to the grid. The typical feature is that batteries are required to store electricity at night.
Application field of household photovoltaic power generation system
1. User solar power supply:
(1) Small power supplies ranging from 10 to 100 W, used for military and civilian life in remote areas without electricity, such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border posts, etc., such as lighting, TV, radio, etc.;
(2) 3-5KW home roof grid-connected power generation system;
(3) Photovoltaic water pump: solve the problem of drinking and irrigating deep water wells in areas without electricity;
(4) Solar water purifier: Solve the problem of drinking water and purifying water quality in areas without electricity.
Second, traffic fields such as beacon lights, traffic/railway signal lights, traffic warning/sign lights, Yuxiang street lights, high-altitude obstruction lights, highway/railway wireless telephone booths, unattended road shift power supply, etc.
3. Communication/communication field: solar unattended microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/paging power system; rural carrier telephone photovoltaic system, small communication machine, GPS power supply for soldiers, etc.
4. Petroleum, ocean, and meteorological fields: cathodic protection solar power systems for oil pipelines and reservoir gates, domestic and emergency power supplies for oil drilling platforms, marine testing equipment, meteorological/hydrological observation equipment, etc.
5. Household lamp power supply: such as garden lamps, street lamps, portable lamps, camping lamps, mountaineering lamps, fishing lamps, black light lamps, rubber tapping lamps, energy-saving lamps, projection lamps, home photovoltaic power generation systems, etc.
6. Photovoltaic power station: 10KW-50MW independent photovoltaic power station, wind-solar (firewood) complementary power station, various large parking plant charging stations, etc.
7. Solar Buildings Combining solar power generation with building materials will enable large buildings in the future to achieve self-sufficiency in electricity, which is a major development direction in the future.
8. Other fields include:
(1) Matching with cars: solar cars/electric cars, battery charging equipment, car air conditioners, ventilation fans, cold drink boxes, etc.;
(2) Regenerative power generation system for solar hydrogen production and fuel cell;
(3) Power supply for seawater desalination equipment;
(4) Satellites, spacecraft, space solar power plants, etc.